Orwellian - Definition and Examples

To describe something as Orwellian is to say that it brings to mind the fictional totalitarian society of Oceania described in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. In Orwells novel, all citizens of Oceania are monitored by cameras, are fed fabricated news stories by the government, are forced to worship a mythical government leader called Big Brother, are indoctrinated to believe nonsense statements (the mantra WAR IS PEACE, SLAVERY IS FREEDOM, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH), and are subject to torture and execution if they question the order of things. The word is sometimes used to describe a particularly anti-libertarian government policy, but it is also sometimes used to describe the peculiar, nonsensical thought process behind Oceanias social structure—a thought process in which ideas that are obviously self-contradictory are accepted as true based on the fact that an authority figure is asserting them. Orwellian Policies The Bush administrations No Child Left Behind program (which is unfunded and therefore technically leaves children behind) and Clear Skies Initiative (which weakens anti-pollution regulations and therefore technically makes skies less clear) are often cited as examples of Orwellian policies, but so are Londons omnipresent surveillance cameras and North Koreas patriotism indoctrination camps. The best way to understand what does and does not constitute Orwellian policy is to read Nineteen Eighty-Four itself. Secondhand descriptions of Oceania do not do justice to the oppressive, mind-wracking atmosphere described in the novel.

Zara Case Study - 1656 Words

3.1 HISTORY and BACKGROUND ZARA is the flagship chain store for the Spanish Inditex Group owned by Amancio Ortega, who also brands such as Massimo Dutti and Bershka. It was first open in 1975 in La Coruna, Galicia, Spain. Originally a lingerie store, then the product range expanded to incorporate women’s fashion, menswear and children’s clothes (5). The international adventure began in 1988, opened its first foreign store in Oporto, Portugal. The market growth remained mysterious and it kept growing the stores in different countries and its cities. Started from the United States (1989), Paris (1990), Mexico, Belgium and Sweden (1994), Malta (1995) and Cyprus (1996). The stores remained company owned, however, it started to make another†¦show more content†¦Because of the ‘no marketing’ strategy, Zara relied on its shop windows to communicate its brand image. Displays were changed regularly to remain visible and alert customers of their newest (12). The store, however, is given priority in its interior and exterior design. Large flagship stores often build on an architecturally interesting building to reinforce the style and design message. It is decorated the space to create a well-lit space with plenty of light where the clothes take centre stage where the clothes take pride of place, eliminating all barriers between the garments and the customers (13)(Zara and lean retail). Products are not displayed by like (eg. Skirts, trousers) but by outfit to try to maximize customer spend. Once in two years time, Zara stores changed its interior decoration and furniture for a fresher look (14). 3.2.4 Fast Fashion and Low Cost Zara cannot be considered as an original fashion retailer because it imitates many famous brand products. It focused more the attention on understanding the fashion items that customers wanted and delivering them, rather than predicting season’s trends via fashion shows. However, this ideas are yet very successful because Zara can produce the latest fashions which can be easily adaptable to the mass market with low cost compared to the other brand. Zara’s fast-fashion means that some popular items appear and disappear within a week, creating an imageShow MoreRelatedZara case study Essay2280 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Coursework Header Sheet 209896-18 Course OPER1027: Operations Mngt: Proc/Value Ch Course School/Level BU/UG Coursework Case Study 1 Assessment Weight 25.00% Tutor J Whiteley Submission Deadline 25/11/2013 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the students own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the UniversitysRead MoreZara Case Study : Zara Case2492 Words   |  10 Pages Zara Case Study Name Academic Institution Zara Case Study Executive Summary This case study (Ghemawat, Nueno, Dailey, 2003) of the Spanish retail apparel company Zara, one of the six retail brands owned by Spanish company Inditex, focused on a number of issues confronting the retailer. These issues arose mainly from the consideration that Zara defied many of the dynamics of the retail apparel market. Zara, unlike its competitors, owned most of its production as well as itsRead MoreZara Case Study2762 Words   |  12 PagesQ1. With which of the international competitors listed in the case is it most interesting to compare Inditex’s financial results? Why? What do comparisons indicate about Inditex’s relative operating economics? Ans. The four companies shown given in the case have very different business models. Inditex owned much of the production and most of its stores. Inditex is thus a vertically integrated company. This gave Inditex a competitive advantage, which is quick response to the market requirementsRead MoreZara Case Study1833 Words   |  8 PagesZARA CASE STUDY [pic] Introduction The history of Zara started in 1975, when the first store has been opened in Spain. It has been followed by several other stores all over the world. The company’s owner, Amancio Ortega, accumulated 340 million Euros (according to 2001 datas), which is a remarkable growth if compared with other companies. Zara’s brand has become popular because of its quality and efficiency. The secret of Zara is to understand the customer’s need and demands and respondRead MoreZara Case Study3553 Words   |  15 Pages[pic] CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Zara as Company 4-5 3. Zara’s Model of Operation 6 4. Company’s Structure Read MoreZara Case Study3306 Words   |  14 PagesJune 6, 2007 Zara Case Study Summary Zara is a clothing retail store for women, men and children, concentrating sixty percent of their effort to the women clothing market. Besides retailing, Zara also designs, produces, and ships their lines of clothing to their Zara stores. Zara s corporate concept is to offer fashionable, trendy, designs at a reasonable price. The key to their corporate success is to offer the latest trends and fashions before their competitors. They believe thatRead MoreCase Study - Zara International694 Words   |  3 PagesJay Case Study: Zara International Fashion at the Speed of Light Question 1: In what ways are elements of the classical and behavioral management approaches evident in how things are done at Zara International? How can systems concepts and contingency thinking explain the success of some of Zara’s distinctive practices? Answer 1: Elements of the classical management approach are very evident at Zara International. The classical management approach contains three branches, which are scientificRead MoreZara International Case Study1000 Words   |  4 PagesZara International was a retail shop originated in La Coruna, Spain in 1975. It was clothing and accessories shop and imitated the latest fashion trends and sold them at a lower cost. It became Zara International after entering Portugal in 1988 and then the United States and France in the 1990s. The distributor for this brand is Inditex and is considered the most successful retail chain in the world. Zara has a business strategy that is very different from the retailers nowadays. If a customer ordersRead MoreZara Case Study986 Words   |  4 PagesZara is the flagship brand of the Spanish retail group, Inditex SA, one of the super-heated performers in a soft retail market in recent years. When Indtiex offered a 23 percent stake to the public in 2 001, the issue was over-subscribed 26 times raising Euro2.1 billion for the company. Zara is unique model in business world today it has its own principles which may varies from its competitors in the same industry starting from production strategy ending with supply chain management strategy, theseRead MoreZara Case Study1404 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Case: Zara: The Technology Giant of the Fashion World Identification of the Problem/s or Issue/s Zara, a Spanish-based chain owned by Inditex, is a retailer who has taken a new approach in the industry. By owning its in-house production, Zara is able to be flexible in the variety, amount, and frequency of the new styles they produce. With their unique strategy, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. In order to maintain that advantage and growth they must confront certain

The characteristics of Judaism Free Essays

The characteristics of Judaism such as the beliefs, ethics, rituals and ceremonies and sacred texts do have a major impact in many ways on the adherents and it provides a source of purpose and identity for individuals. It gives meaning and guidance in contemporary situations and therefore it is considered a dynamic, living religion. Beliefs Judaism is a monotheistic faith, meaning that Jews believe there is only One God. We will write a custom essay sample on The characteristics of Judaism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often this God is beyond our ability to comprehend, but God is nevertheless present in our everyday lives. The covenant is an agreement the Jewish people have with their God. Jews believe that there is only one God, no other being participated in the work of creation and God is the only being to whom they offer praise. The terms of the covenant are summed up in the Ten Commandments that reveal adherents must have a respectful, obedient relationship with God and live harmoniously and respectfully with others. In return God will never abandon his Chosen people and God will provide salvation. Ethnics Jewish adherents ethical beliefs are derived from the 613 mitzvoth that Orthodox Jews believe were given to Moses on Mt. Sinai and taught to the Israelites as they travelled the desert to the Promised Land. Other variants believe they may have also been delivered to other divinely inspired people over time. The 248 positive and 365 negative commandments have been discussed and interpreted throughout the centuries by divinely inspired philosophers and rabbis so that they can provide guidance in every aspect of everyday life. Sacred Texts There are many sacred wri tings in Judaism, all of which teach Judaism’s adherents how to live ethical and moral lives. The writings are a major source of the laws which regulate Jewish life. Jewish sacred writings are read and studied on an ongoing basis by believers. The Jewish holy book is the Tanakh, containing the Torah and the prophetic books. The Torah is the most holy book of Judaism. Torah, which means â€Å"teaching†, is God’s revealed instructions to the Jewish People. It is important to note that while â€Å"Torah† is generally used to refer to the Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, it is sometimes used to refer to the basic texts of Judaism in general. In this sense, â€Å"Torah† includes the Torah itself, as well as Midrash, Mishnah, and Talmud, which are the Oral Torah. Ceremonies and rituals There are many sacred ceremonies and rituals in Judaism such as Circumcision (Bris) male Jewish children are circumcised on the eighth day after their birth as a sign of a covenant between Abraham and God.. A Bar Mitzvah; at the age of thirteen, Jewish law considers boys to have reached adulthood. A special service is held in the boy’s honour, and he is permitted to read from the Torah for the first time. The comparable ceremony for girls is a Bat Mitzvah which varies in religious significance depending on the sect of Judaism. The Sabbath, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, the Passover, Shavuot, are all other important ceremonies that are apart of Judaism. The Commandments of the Torah The most important source of ethical guidance for Jews is the Torah which encompasses the Written and Oral Torah. Jewish ethics is derived from the covenantal relationship where they were protected and taught their responsibilities towards God and other people. There are 613 mitzvot 248 positive and 365 negative. The Prophetic Vision The Prophets advocated a pro-active stance to reforming social structures by emphasizing the broad themes of justice, equality and peace during a time when these concepts were of secondary importance compared to observance of law and ritual. The implication of Tikkun Olam is that all individuals have the dual responsibility of rectifying inequalities in society by helping the poor and needy, and acting as a steward by caring for the earth. The book of Wisdom The Book of Proverbs is one of the most significant collections within the genre of Wisdom literature. The Book of Proverbs is a collection of short, pithy statements which offer practical and simple advice on how to lead a moral life and behave prudently. (Wisdom, righteousness, purity, generosity of spirit) Shabbat Of the many observances and practices of Judaism, the Jewish Sabbath or Jewish Shabbat (in Hebrew) is the best known and most commonly practiced. The Jewish Shabbat is a day of rest at the end of the week, beginning on sundown Friday night, and ending on Saturday night, when three stars appear in the sky. It is an eagerly awaited chance for the Jewish people to set aside so many of their common concerns and worries and enjoy higher pursuits. Human beings are called to imitate God who rested on the seventh day after creating the world. Shabbat is the most significant liturgical event of the week. Shabbat reminds the Jewish people of the greatness of God in creating the cosmos. It reminds the Jewish people of the Covenant between God and the People of Israel which lies at the heart of Judaism (Exodus 31:16). The Jewish Sabbath is a day of celebration as well as one of prayer. It is the only rituals laid down by the Ten Commandments and is considered to be one of the most important ritual observed by the Jewish faith. The day itself is a day of rest and enrichment. The word â€Å"Shabbat† derives from a root word in Hebrew that means â€Å"to cease, to end, to rest. † Intense preparation is needed as the day approaches. Physical preparations include shopping and cleaning, which must be completed so that Shabbat is not interrupted. The meals need to be prepared and the table laid for the Friday evening meal. This is an important family occasion. Before the Friday night meal, the most significant, Kiddush (a blessing) is recited. Many Jews attend synagogue services on Friday night and Saturday morning. Shabbat being over, a plaited candle is lit and hands are spread out towards the light as a third blessing is said. This is a reminder that the first thing God created was light to be used to good purpose. From this is can be concluded that Jews believe that by fulfilling the commandments, they are communicating with God on the Shabbat. They understand the mitzvot to be God’s way of reaching out to people. The Shabbat provides a means of reflecting on these commandments and developing a deeper, joyful relationship with god and family. Conclusion Judaism is a powerful, living religion because it has provided adherents with purpose, meaning, heritage and identity. Judaism focuses on relationships; the relationship between God and man, between God and the Jewish people, between the Jewish people and the land of Israel, and between human beings. The scriptures specify the mutual obligations created by these relationships, although various movements of Judaism disagree about the nature of these obligations. Some say they are absolute, unchanging laws from God (Orthodox); some say they are laws from God that change and evolve over time (Conservative); some say that they are guidelines that you can choose whether or not to follow (Reform, Reconstructionist). The variants have formed as different communities have interpreted beliefs and ethics and adapted rituals to meet their needs in different context and because of this Judaism is clearly a dynamic religion. How to cite The characteristics of Judaism, Papers

The Movie ”Crash” Essay Sample free essay sample

The film clang was chiefly about controversial societal issues the pestilence modern Los Angeles which is known as the runing pot of civilizations from all over the universe. The presence of diverse characters brought the viewing audiences to specific scenarios that depicted racism. stereotypes and gender functions. These three were societal conditions brought Forth by dogmatism and bias. A society is composed of different sorts of people from typical civilization. race. economic. political and societal category. Ideally. disagreement between the rich and the hapless. white and black. ordinary citizen and a province leader should non be excessively much to avoid societal inequality which most frequently than non causes struggle. Crash gave its spectator an insightful position on the heterogenous links between people of assorted races. This eye-opener film that illustrated the effects of race and gender and how these two became the chief factors for the manifestation of force every bi t good as peace. The strength of the movie was felt throughout the legion interactions of the characters. Animosity. prejudice. angst and enviousness were some of the strong emotions that were prevailing. The film employed a really powerful tone of being straightforward. More so. the film demonstrated a applaudable willingness â€Å"to hazard mawkishness and cliche in the chase of echt feeling† ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . Besides. the exchange and articulation of implicative words constituted the prejudicial and know aparting communicating between the many characters in the film. As a consequence. the ordinary relationships illustrated in the film were strongly conveyed that would do the viewing audiences realize â€Å"how the human race trade with life. people and their ain experiences† ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . In the scene where Matt Dillon and Ryan Philipe’s character. who both played LAPD bulls. were in chase of a stolen vehicle but alternatively of tracking down the culprits they flagged down a similar vehicle but with a black twosome on it. This scenario depicted several relational communicating constructs. In the instance of the characters of Dillon and Philippe. Dillon had a more dominant personality than Philippe as a consequence Philippe’s points of positions have been easy subjected to rejection. Philippe’s character was more concerned about their work moralss in footings of how they interact with different types of people from assorted cultural and societal background while Dillon’s character was really aggressive in enforcing his impressions as a constabulary officer and as a white adult male at the disbursal of defiling other people’s self-respect. Meanwhile. on the other side of the state of affairs were the successful black twosome. Terrence Howard played a black manufacturer in a white-dominated Television industry and Thandie Newton played his married woman. Both their characters ab initio had an interdependent relationship where they both depended on each other but their individualisms were still preserved. But when an unexpected event happened. their relationship began to see matrimonial jobs. The issue of trust and the ability to protect a love one from timeserving people have been questioned. This was the portion when the character of Howard rejected the call for aid of his married woman when his married woman was sexually molested by Dillon’s character. The character of Howard opted to pretermit the state of affairs out of fright for the constabulary authorization and the impression that they are inkinesss in white dominated vicinity ( Cheadle. Moresco. Schulman. Yari. A ; Haggis. 2004. â€Å"Crash† ) . These two cases showed how race. stereotype and gender functions affect a person’s actions. Because of certain perceptual experiences. like inkinesss are closely associated with offenses because these offenses are largely committed by black people. white people tend to generalise. This is called false generalisation. It is the act of tie ining or judging one individual or thing by looking at a certain group or categorization that the individual or t hing belongs to. Many are guilty of this sort of thought. Peoples have these preconceived impressions that are inculcated in their consciousness wherein most of the clip. it dominate their judgements and actions. As a effect. people become insensitive and prejudiced. This aggressive and self-asserting communicative behaviour have resulted to societal and racial inequality based on physical and racial differences. Besides. people have the inclination to foreground the erroneous workss and ignore applaudable actions that intensifies the act of pigeonholing which consequences to a wide-spread negative public perceptual experience that is more frequently than non actuated to warrant the colored judgement. Stereotyping is one of the causes of struggle in relationships. Most of the clip. relationship issues are attacked. avoided and confronted. In the scene mentioned earlier. the character of Newton expressed her angst towards her hubby sing his inactive reaction when a white constabulary bull degraded her muliebrity. She wanted to set the incrimination on her hubby and do him experience that it was his mistake. This is one of the most common jobs in an interdependent relationship. Meanwhile. the reaction of the character of Philippe on the misconduct of his fellow officer. Dillon’s character. was more elusive. He chose non to face the issue with the character of Dillon because the two have an independent relationship wherein they both have disconnected lives and different beliefs. In another scene in the film where two black auto stealers played by Ludcaris and Lucien stole the vehicle of a powerful white twosome portrayed by Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock. showed how people can decode unfavourable state of affairss and throw their prejudices on cultural minority groups to cover their feelings of animus and dissatisfaction ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . The character of Bullock was being defensive sing the state of affairs when she said. If a white adult female sees two black work forces walking towards her and turns the other manner. she’s a racialist. Well I got frightened and didn’t’ say anything. and the following thing I knew. I had a gun shoved in my caput! ( Cheadle. Moresco. Schulman. Yari. A ; Haggis. 2004. â€Å"Crash† ) Bullocks character felt threatened after the incident. As a agency of protecting herself and her household. she ordered the locks in her house to be changed. But when she saw that the locksmith was Hispanic who looked like a mobster because of his bald caput and prison tattoos. she instantly asked her hubby to happen another locksmith who does non look like person who would rob them once more. In this scene. the character of Bullock showed her rigidness towards the incident. She did non desire to interact with the Latino locksmith because she lacked the ability to accommodate and get by up with the tragic alterations in her life. More so. her ill will and laterality have strained her relationship with her hubby. Because of this. her hubby was non able to show his emotions and felt that he was powerless over the state of affairs. To avoid farther struggle. the character of Fraser. avoided the issue to give manner to the demands of his married woman. The full film was filled with relational communicating constructs that highlighted how people respond to different sorts of interaction and its effects on the relationships of people of different tegument colour. economic stature and societal rank. Mentions Cheadle. D. . Haggis. P. . Moresco. R. . Schulman. C. . A ; Yari. B. ( Producers ) A ; Haggis. P. ( Director ) . ( 2004 ) .Clang[ Motion Picture ] . U. S. A. : Lion Gate Films. Scott. A. O. ( 2005. May 6 ) . Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst. The New York Times.

Atlas Group Research

Atlas Group Research Free Online Research Papers The foundation of the Atlas Group was laid in 1962 with the establishment of Shirazi Investments Limited with a capital of half a million rupees and three men doing business in trading shares and real estate in Pakistan. Now, Shirazi Investments is now one of the leading investment companies in Pakistan, engaged in trading shares, fund management, underwriting, real estate and warehousing. The company has played a key role in the promotion and acquisition of the Atlas Group of Companies. Shirazi Investments (Pvt) Limited, the parent company of the Atlas Group, started operations in 1962. It is engaged in capital market, fund management, under-writing, real estate, warehousing and venture capital investments to name a few of the operations. Shirazi Investments (Pvt) Limited took on the key role in sponsoring the acquisition of many group companies. Until 1978, when management agencies were abolished in Pakistan, Shirazi Investments also acted as managing agents for all Atlas Group com panies. The growth of the Atlas Group is the result of its focus on good corporate governance. Today Atlas Group is a diversified group dealing in engineering, financial services and trading. It consists of seven public limited companies out of which six are quoted on the Stock Exchanges in Pakistan, and five private limited companies. Atlas shareholders equity now stands over 25 billion rupees; assets have increased to over 60 billion rupees; personnel strength is over 7000 and annual sales have crossed 60 billion rupees. The Group paid taxes of rupees. 15 billion over 2% of the total government revenues. All this progress is due to the Groups reliance on the intellectual capital, dedicated efforts and team spirit of all the stakeholders. Today my assignment research topics will talks about one of the subsidiary companies of the Atlas Group in Pakistan. The company that I chose for my research topic is called Atlas Battery Limited. The battery company is established in 1966 in Karachi, Pakistan. The company pioneered the manufacture of dry charged hard rubber batteries in Pakistan. It produced automotive and motorcycle batteries packs. The batteries are classified as light, medium and heavy batteries type. Now the company manufactures a complete range of polypropylene and hard rubber batteries which caters to the needs of passenger cars of varied capacities, trucks, tractors, heavy vehicles, construction and road building equipment, as well as host of stationary and industrial applications. Motorcycle batteries have also been added to this range. The company has always been at the vanguard of development in the automotive industry in Pakistan making great strides in the fields of research and development. The AGS bra nd has, over the years, earned a solid reputation as a product of latest Japanese technology with consistently high levels of performance and reliability. The sustained and continued high level of quality is ensured by Atlas Battery Limited’s Quality Department with its exacting standards and state-of-the-art lab facilities manned by highly trained professionals monitoring the quality of batteries being produced. The focal point of the company’s philosophy is customer satisfaction through continued product excellence. Atlas Battery Limited is always aggressively pursuing new ways to serve the needs of the consumers better, and in line with that vision, Atlas Battery has recently test-marketed a new type of battery, which is set to become the industrial standard amongst the car manufacturers in the near future. Atlas Battery Limited aims at maintaining its lead in technology with the help of its in-house research and development program, interfacing with Japan Storage Battery Company Limited. Atlas Battery Limited’s technological superiority is matched by its vast national network of over 600 dealers and retail outlets ensuring availability and prompt delivery of its products. All our regional and zonal offices are equipped with service center and are staffed with trained to provide technical personnel to provide an efficient service backup. The technical personnel also regularl y tour their sales and territories monitoring service needs, problem and trouble-shooting. Our associates are ably supported by a steady supply of instruments and equipment imported and supplied by us, to enable them to carry out testing and repairing services with prompt attention and efficient resolution of operational complaints. Atlas Battery Limited ‘s goal is to achieve market leadership through technological edge, distinguished by quality service and customers’ satisfaction, emphasis on employees long term welfare and ensure adequate return to shareholders. It also aims to be a good corporate citizen of the society and country through harmonized endeavor. Board of directors: Chairman Yusuf H. Shirazi Chief Executive Officer Talha Saad Directors Aitzaz Shabaz Hiroshi Tateiwa Iftikhar H. Shirazi Javaid Anwar Muhammad Atta Karim Company secretary Muhammad Iqbal The company’s stand out points: Vast experience of more than 30 years, having been incorporated in 1966 in collaboration with Japan Storage Battery Company Limited Leading OEM Motorcycle battery manufacturer in Pakistan. Pioneer in Dry-Charge and Heavy Duty Batteries. The only battery company in the industry having a joint venture with a foreign company (G.S. Yuasa Japan). The first company to launch free maintenance batteries in Pakistan. Equipped with sophisticated Laboratory having the latest equipment for testing the performance of battery and Spectrophotometer of testing metals engaged in manufacturing of lead acid batteries. The key technical and management staffs are foreign qualified and trained. First one to introduce UPS, CNG, Diesel Rickshaw Batteries. Frequent visits by Japanese battery experts to ensure the international quality. Well-equipped In-house research development facility. Automatic assembly plant. Obtained ISO-9002 Certificate for Quality Standard. Obtained World Quality Commitment Award, awarded by BID Madrid, Spain. Largest dealer and service network in Pakistan. The 2nd largest manufacturer of automotive batteries; therefore tries that much harder to beat the market leader in quality. Photo sample of automotive batteries Customers for light batteries: Atlas Honda Ltd. Dawood Yamaha Ltd. Delta Innovations Ltd. Fateh Motors Ltd. Sindh Engineering (Pvt.) Ltd. Super Asia Motors Ltd. D.S. Motors N.J. Auto Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Customers for medium and heavy batteries Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan) Ltd. Pak Suzuki Motor Company Ltd. Indus Motor Company Ltd. Dewan Farooque Motors Ltd. Sigma Motors (Pvt.) Ltd. Ghandhara Nissan Ltd. Master Motor Corporation Ltd. Competitor’s battery companies: Goliath Automotive Battery Company Limited Exide Pakistan Limited Pakistan Accumulators Ltd Qalandri Battery Limited (Source extracted from atlasbattery.com.pk/) b) Collection and Analysis of Data Financial Ratio Analysis A statistic has little value in isolation. Hence, a profit figure of 100 million is meaningless unless it is related to either the firm’s turnover (sales revenue) or the value of its assets. Ratios are very important in standardizing the numbers and facilitate comparisons. It will also reflect the weakness and strengths of the company. Accounting ratios attempt to highlight the relationships between significant items in the accounts of a firm. Financial ratios are the analyst’s microscope; they allow them to get a better view of the firm’s financial health than just looking at the raw financial statements Ratios are used by both internal and external analysts Internal uses: Planning Evaluation of management External uses: Credit granting Performance monitoring Investment decisions Making of policies Categories of Financial Ratios The accounting ratios can be grouped in to five categories: 1. Liquidity Ratios shows the extent to which the firm can meet its financial obligations. An asset’s liquidity describes the ease with which it can be converted to cash. This ratio evaluates a firm’s ability to generate sufficient cash to meet its short-term obligations. 2. Asset Management Ratios shows that how effectively the firm is managing its assets. This ratio is used to measure the firms success in managing its assets to generate sales. For example, these ratios can provide insight into the success of the firms credit policy and inventory management. 3. Debt Management Ratios or also known as Solvency Ratio shows the extent to which a firm uses debt financing or financial leverages. It showed the company’s ability to meet the obligations created by its long-term debt. This ratio will indicate the company’s level of debts standing. 4. Profitability Ratios relates profits to sales and assets. Profit is the ease with which a company generates income. This ratio measures the company’s past performances and helps to predict its future profitability level. 5. Market Value Ratios are a measure of the return on investment. This ratio relates an observable market value, the stock price, to book values obtained from the firms financial statements. (Source extracted from bized.co.uk/compfact/ratios/index.html) Financial Analysis Comparison: Liquidity Ratio Year 2006 Year 2007 Remarks a) Current Ratio 1.53 1.24 Standard Ratio: 2. The ratio dropped from 1.53 in year 2006 to 1.24 in year 2007. Its liquidity position is weak. b) Quick Ratio 4.86 0.38 The quick ratio dropped significantly from 4.86 in year 2006 to 0.38 in year 2007. The company ability to pay short term debts in weak and deteriorating. Asset Management Ratio Year 2006 Year 2007 Remarks a) Inventory Turnover Ratio 5.55 5.2 The ratio dropped from 5.55 in year 2006 to 5.2 in year 2007.This is not good because the company inventory’s ability to convert into cash is decreasing. b) Days Sales Outstanding Ratio 13.96 11.9 The company is more effective in collecting receivables in year 2007 in comparison to the previous year. c) Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 5.04 5.1 The ratio is improved as in year 2006, it was 5.04 times and now it has been slightly increased to 5.1 times. The company is able to generate sales more from the fixed assets. d) Total Asset Turnover Ratio 2.15 2.1 The productivity of assets in year 2007 is not as good as it was in previous years. In 2006, it was 2.15 times and now it has been decreased to 2.1 times. Debt Management Ratio Year 2006 Year 2007 Remarks a) Debt Ratio 53 55 This is not good as the debt of the company increased by 2% to 55% in year 2007. b) Time Interest Earned Ratio 4.7 6.5 The company is able to cover the interest expense at a higher margin of safety. Profitability Ratio Year 2006 Year 2007 Remarks a) Profit Margin Ratio 3.42 5.5 The company has been successful in raising their sales to 5.5 in year 2007 and thus increases the profitability. b) Return on Asset Ratio 7.34 11.5 The company has been able to use its total assets more efficiently over these years and have been successful in raising net profit as well. c) Return on Equity Ratio 15.62 26 The company has been able to raise the value of the investments by 11% in year 2007 made by the shareholders. Market Value Ratio Year 2006 Year 2007 Remarks a) Price Earning Ratio 9.5 11.7 The companys earning per share has been increased by 2.2 to 11.7 times in year 2007. b) Price Cash Flow Ratio 2.46 4.82 The companys price per share has increased to 4.82 in year 2007. 5 Forces Analysis Method: In this research, I will use the Five Forces model method as the framework for industry analysis. Just a brief introduction, the 5 forces model is developed by Michael E. Porter and acts as an analysis method that is used as business unit strategy tool to make an analysis of the attractiveness value of an industry structure. (Michael Porter). The five competitive forces model is probably one of the most often used business strategy tools and have proven its usefulness on numerous occasions. Porters model is particularly strong in thinking outside-in. The Five Forces Analysis helps the marketer to contrast a competitive environment. It has similarities with other tools for environmental audit, such as PEST analysis, but tends to focus on the single, stand alone, business or Strategic Business Unit rather than a single product or range of products. The competitive forces analyses are made by the identification of 5 fundamental competitive forces as shown in the diagram below: (Source from training material handouts on Topic 5: IS and Competitive Edge, by Mr. Low Kok Han) As you can see from the diagram above, the 5 forces analysis looks at the key areas namely the threat of new entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. These 5 forces elements are major challenges that are faced by any business company around the world in today’s time. The threat of new entry o Profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms. This results in many new entrants, which will effectively decrease profitability. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the profit rate will fall towards a competitive level. It is not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to firms in an industry but the possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects the market competitions. o All products are subject to rivalry including baterries. If a new battery company emerged in the market with a better product or cheap pricing, it will definitely affected the sales of Atlas Battery Ltd company. The power of buyers o The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when the buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monophony a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Under such market conditions, the buyer sets the price. The buyer power is high when the customers have many choices of whom to buy from, and low when the choices are few. o The customers are the main battery buyer. Without them, there will no sales achieved. Atlas Batteries Ltd need to produce the best products with quality with the best price in order to keep the customers satisfied. The power of suppliers o A producing or manufacturing industry requires raw materials such as labour, components, services, machines, and other supplies. This requirement leads to buyer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that provide the raw materials used to create the products. Supplier’s power, if it’s powerful can exert an influence on the producing industry, such as selling raw materials at a high price to capture some of the industrys profits. The supplier power is high when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from, and low when there are many choices. o Batteries are made from different components and Atlas Battery Ltd need to source different suppliers for the best pricing for raw materials. Therefore the networking and relationship between suppliers must be wide and strong. The threat of substitutes o The existence of close substitute products increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.To the industry, a threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. A products price elasticity is affected by the substitute products as more substitutes become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. A close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. o A clone battery product will definitely brings threats to the sales of Atlas Battery Ltd because of the pricing and quality issue. Competitive rivalry o For most industries, this is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. Sometimes rivals compete aggressively and sometimes rivals compete in non-price dimensions such as innovation, marketing and others. This is what we called competitive advantage. This is most likely to be high where entry is likely; there is the threat of substitute products, and suppliers and buyers in the market attempt to control. This is why it is always seen in the center of the diagram. o Atlas Batteries Ltd faced a lot of competitions in the battery market from Goliath Automotive Battery Company Limited, Exide Pakistan Limited, Pakistan Accumulators Ltd, Qalandri Battery Limited and others. The competitive edge is very important to keep Atlas Batteries Ltd company in front of their competitors. c) Application of concepts: IT System Recommendations The management of Atlas Batteries Ltd is aware of the escalating costs in every aspect such as raw materials, distribution and so on in the industry market. The management plan to reduce the necessary costs of the company in order to compete in the competitive environments, judging by the current economic turmoil. From the company’s profit and loss statement, the cost that can be likely reduced is the raw material cost which will lead to reduction in the production cost. In this research, I would propose an IT product solution in order to achieve the management plan to reduce the raw material cost. After the initial requirements study and financial analysis, I can conclude that the raw materials cost are the most expensive cost and the major obstacle for the company to achieve higher profits. The company purchased $1,019,970,000 in raw materials in year 2006 and the cost escalated to $1,294,026,000 in year 2007. This showed an increase cost of 27% or $274,056 in raw materials purchasing and the figure is going to increase in years to come. In view of this, the management needs to be aware of the current economic condition and make provisions to counter the raw material cost in case of price increase. The system that I would like to propose to the management of the Atlas Battery Ltd is the Central Purchasing Management System (CPS). This system will integrate all the purchasing order in an online central products portal. Every supplier companies of various raw materials related to Atlas Battery Ltd will be given online access to the particular portal and will be able to view the current stocks information and condition level that Atlas Batteries Ltd had in the company’s database. The requirement of the portal accessibility is internet connection. If any of the stocks are found not at sufficient level, the suppliers can make a submission or proposal for the purchasing manager to decide. The purchasing manager does not need to go or make a call to various supplier companies to enquire about the needed information with this new system because he can make the purchase directly based on the submissions placed by the various suppliers from the information portal. He will able to see all the information such as stock code, quantity, stock arrival, stock types and pricings in the portal itself and have the choice to choose which suppliers he wish to make purchases. Thus it reduces the traditional purchasing method’s hassles such as making calls, invoicing, ordering and follow up. All the information details will be tracked, recorded and stored for management viewing purpose. The information will be stored on a separated secured database in the IT department. This system will be able to provide various reporting such as inventory reports, management reports and others as well. After the order is placed, the suppliers can view the order and proceed with the necessary preparation to deliver the raw materials on time to the company. Once the order is confirmed by the purchasing manager, the order will proceed to the account department for verifications, approval and make payments upon product deliverance. A copy of purchasing summary reports will be extended over to the management for their record keeping on monthly basis via email. This system will able to cut down the costs of papers, telephone billings, manpower, resources and time as well. This new system will bring more benefits and the offered system functions will help to reduce a lot of cost in future. This system also helps to improve the overall purchasing process, reduce the response time, produce accurate results and increase the productivity activity. Atlas Batteries Ltd will be able to save certain costs in purchasing in long term run. Sample of CPS Process Flow: (Source extracted from kensoftsolutions.com/Prod02-cps.html) d) Recommendations: System Installation approach: I would like to recommend Atlas Batteries Ltd management to purchase the CPS system directly from the software company because of the following conditions as stated below: Advantages of system purchase: Ready made product available for set up Faster installation time Provide support maintenance Provide installation and trainings Expertise to resolve the technical issues Disadvantages of in house system developing: Extra recruitments, supervision, and personnel management responsibilities. Long-term expense of maintaining a technical staff. No contractual (legal and financial) leverage over development, implementation, and maintenance. Possibly a lower level of productivity than with contractor personnel and thus higher development cost. Staff turnover and training requirements. Cost Benefit Analysis A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well, or how poorly, a planned action will turn out. This analysis is a powerful, widely used and relatively easy tool for deciding whether to make a change. Cost-benefit analysis is mainly, but not exclusively, used to assess the value for money of very large private and public sector projects. This is because such projects tend to include costs and benefits that are less amenable to being expressed in financial or monetary terms (e.g. environmental damage), as well as those that can be expressed in monetary terms. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything, it is most commonly done on financial questions. Sample of Cost Benefit Weighing Scale: (Source extracted from 12manage.com/methods_cost-benefit_analysis.html) Costs calculation: Equipments: Items Price CPS System Price (Including training ) $ 100,000 10 network PCs with software @ $ 2,500 each $ 25,000 2 Database server @ $10,000 each $ 20,000 3 network printers @ $ 800 each $ 2,400 Cabling installation @ $10,000 $ 10,000 3 years maintenance support @ $ 5,000 $ 5,000 Total cost: $ 162,400 Conclusions: As you can see from the CPS system costing table above, the pricing reflected is economical and the system can be used to save a lot of costs in a long term run. The system is available for 24 hours * 365 days and can be used for number of years to come. It’s easy to use and can be done by one person through a single click in the system to make purchases. There’s no need to call the suppliers, fax, invoice orders, paper works, and so on. Definitely the benefits of this system outweigh the cost of the system in long term. The pay back time of the CPS system cost can be achieved easily in few months time after the implementation. Everything will be controlled, tracked and logged for monitoring purpose by the management. The system will increase the battery production and cut down the overall cost of goods produced. Suppliers and Atlas Batteries Ltd can interact better through this system. Benefits of CPS system introduction: User friendly and easy to use Faster purchasing process Increased battery product production Better networking and relationship with suppliers Centralized the purchasing process into a single process Better management of manpower and time resources Process control is in place. Research Papers on Atlas Group ResearchAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of India

Free Essays on Future of Staff Groups

Today’s organizations are reliant on technology, information and expertise for success. Staff groups accountable for these functions must concentrate on personal accountability for their place at the corporate table. Traditionally, staff groups have lived with the constant threat that their function is an overhead-identified cost and that their function would sure to be the first eliminated in any kind of crunch. A book entitled, â€Å"The Future of Staff Groups† by Joel P. Henning is a great business tool to be used to empower staff groups. This book instructs staff groups (groups within organizations that perform internal functions such as human resources, finance, legal, quality, information systems, and others) how to shed old models and responsibilities. This book speaks directly to the concerns of the staff groups and their clients, their managers, and the groups themselves. Henning breaks his book up into two parts. The first part focuses on â€Å"Intention and Theory†. The chapters in the first section discuss topics such as: The Jarring Reality, A Business at Risk, Making an Offer, A Promise and a Guarantee, Taking a Stance, and Optimism, Hope, and Goodwill. The second part of the book focuses on â€Å"Application-Translating Intention into Conversations†. The chapters in the second part of the book focus on Introducing Relevance, Timeliness, and Fit, Discovering the Possibilities, Further Opportunities for Discovery, Deliberating Relevance, Timeliness, and Fit, The Core Technologies of Service and The Path of Commitment There is no doubt that today's business climate is fierce. Competition is brutal and change is swift and unstoppable. Competitive advantage in any of today's markets presumes competence. To go beyond competence to dominate a market, a company needs to know more, create more, learn faster, and communicate better than the competition. This is the work that corporate staff groups were born for not 'jus... Free Essays on Future of Staff Groups Free Essays on Future of Staff Groups Today’s organizations are reliant on technology, information and expertise for success. Staff groups accountable for these functions must concentrate on personal accountability for their place at the corporate table. Traditionally, staff groups have lived with the constant threat that their function is an overhead-identified cost and that their function would sure to be the first eliminated in any kind of crunch. A book entitled, â€Å"The Future of Staff Groups† by Joel P. Henning is a great business tool to be used to empower staff groups. This book instructs staff groups (groups within organizations that perform internal functions such as human resources, finance, legal, quality, information systems, and others) how to shed old models and responsibilities. This book speaks directly to the concerns of the staff groups and their clients, their managers, and the groups themselves. Henning breaks his book up into two parts. The first part focuses on â€Å"Intention and Theory†. The chapters in the first section discuss topics such as: The Jarring Reality, A Business at Risk, Making an Offer, A Promise and a Guarantee, Taking a Stance, and Optimism, Hope, and Goodwill. The second part of the book focuses on â€Å"Application-Translating Intention into Conversations†. The chapters in the second part of the book focus on Introducing Relevance, Timeliness, and Fit, Discovering the Possibilities, Further Opportunities for Discovery, Deliberating Relevance, Timeliness, and Fit, The Core Technologies of Service and The Path of Commitment There is no doubt that today's business climate is fierce. Competition is brutal and change is swift and unstoppable. Competitive advantage in any of today's markets presumes competence. To go beyond competence to dominate a market, a company needs to know more, create more, learn faster, and communicate better than the competition. This is the work that corporate staff groups were born for not 'jus...

Japan's Involvement In World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan's Involvement In World War II - Essay Example Japan restored the emperor during the Meiji Restoration in 1868. There was a widespread belief that the emperor was divine and strong sense in Japan of national identity built on the belief of Shintoism, of ancestor worship. During the Meiji Restoration the focus had been on transforming the nation that could compete with west. Lingering memories of Commodore Perry's entry into Japanese waters in 1853 forcing the surrender of the Shogun left a scar on Japan's national consciousness. The emphasis in the years that came were on transforming Japan into a modern nation state with a diversified economy that would not be further humiliated. During the 1920's under the guidance of Liberal Political policies Japan focused on economic growth and experienced an until then unprecedented growth. This growth was curtailed by the world wide Depression late in the decade. In a reaction to the economic hardship and in part keeping with Japan's wish to rise as real world power during the 1930's the government came to be dominated by right wing and nationalist forces, dominated by a military expansionist agenda.

Idea of the cell first assignment MAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Idea of the cell first assignment MAM - Essay Example Since Hooke had only observed a dead protoplast and microscopes at that time were primitive, majority of the microbiologists were not convinced that all living things are composed of cell. It was only in the 19th century that the formal study of cell theory developed (including cell biology and cell division) because of the advancement made in modern microscopes. Together with Hooke, Aristotle, Grew and Malpighi, Leeuwenhoek, H.J. Dutrochet, M.I. Schleiden and T. Schwann, R. Virchow, and Louis Pasteur have contributed to the development of cell theory. In this paper, we will focus on the cell theory made by M.I. Schleiden and T. Schwann. At the beginning of the 19th century, Schleiden and Schwann outlined the basic features of cell theory. Schleiden found out that all plant cells have similar structure while Schwann noted that animal cells don’t have cell wall (Roy, 169). Their cell theories have also explained the nature of single-celled organisms called protozoa. The image below shows the cell that were examined by Schleiden and Schwann during the 19th century (refer to Figure 1.1.). Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory started from the scientists’ strong refusal to accept the ‘Preformationists’ perspective. Preformationists state that organisms have pre-existing form and its characteristics are inherited from their previous cells (Cantor et al., 360). Instead, Schleiden, Schwann and the other scientists sorted to epigenesist – the belief that cells emerged anew and are influenced by the internal and external environment. They proposed that both plant and animal cells underwent the same processes and therefore, must fundamentally have generally set of characteristics. According to Schleiden, plant cells are formed by observing the following processes: Schleiden insisted that his theory must be considered as an absolute law

Turkish Music and Folklore Poetry Research Paper

Turkish Music and Folklore Poetry - Research Paper Example The essay talks about Turkish literature, which is nearly 1500 years old. It flourished greatly under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish music and folklore poetry both form a part of the Turkish literature, and has been extremely popular amongst the Turkish people for centuries, thus ensuring that these cultural traditions remain preserved. The oldest written records of Turkey have been found to be that of the 8th century Orhon inscriptions (in the Orhon river valley situated in Mongolia). Between the 8th and 9th century there came a new wave where literary representation was in an oral form, like the Manas epic and Book of Dede Korkut. Thus, we find that Turkish literature had two forms, the oral compositions and written books, and these two traditions remain separate from each other until the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1922. It was only in 1923, after the republic of Turkey was created, that the two forms of literature came together to from the modern literary type. My arti cle will explore the literature of Turkey, pertinent to Turkish music and folklore poetry. It will study to find the relation between Turkish music and its folklore poetry, while exploring the history of the music as it developed through the various ages. It will also explore and analyse relevant data in its endeavour to find out the importance of music and the role it plays within the realms of Turkish poetry. The paper concludes that Turkish music developed from the folklore poetry and the two terms are synonymous with each other.

Analysing the leadership style of richard branson

Analysing the leadership style of richard branson Just by observing the distance which Richard Branson has gone in the business world it is not difficult to decide him as an exceptional business leader. Here the attempt is to analyze his form of leadership using the major theories leadership. Words usually connected to Branson are creative, fun, anti-establishment, fast, opportunist, adventurer, the risk of Taker, warm, friendly, competitive, workaholic and hard negotiator. Those qualities are according to the trait theories of leadership, main characeristics of a successful leader. Richard Branson has a good leader-member relations and treats his employees respect, like his own family, even to the extent of giving invitations to his junior members for home for parties (Dearlove 2007). He always welcome the feedback and new ideas of the employees. The task structure of the Virgin is usually low since Branson gives his employees the freedom and initiative has to be creative. There are no established procedures, in which, things must be done (Nice, 2007). His organization is working on flat and non-hierachical stucture (NCE 2009), which is made of clusters, and given the flexibility to work independently without much interference (Dearlove 2007).These factors clearly show that his form of leadership is of much more democratic and participative nature. Position power he proves to be dominant thinker, and generally makes decision by himself (even NCE2009). When observing the contingency theory of Fiedler, it is clear that he belongs to intermediate type of leader wh o is task motivated and socio-independent (Durbin Dalglish Miller, 2006). Branson has strong contingency and situational leadership skills too. He has always looked for and uses every opportunity to create a new company to be viable. He is quite capable of controlling situations and also a high risk taker (Dearlove 2007). This reflcts the most dominat theory of leadership today i.e. situational theories. He follows different leadership styles and technics according to the situation and the context.This has been one of the most important features of Richard Bransons leadership (Durbin Dalglish Miller, 2006). He also shows the ability to implement changes quickly. Virgin Cola in the United States changed its strategy, management and location of its t-drinks business with emphasis on the theme New Age beverages like fruit juices and energy drinks, when he saw no prospect in the war against the Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola in the Cola Business (Dearlove 2007). The charismatic and transformational leadership Transformational leaders are also those that can adapt quickly to change (Bass, 1985). Branson has clearly demonstrated its flexibility and its success in adapting to changing organizational cultures, as he bought new companies and moved into new areas,along with his men. Literature clearly shows that the assessment of transformational leadership is positively correlated with the evaluation of managerial performance (Hater Bass, 1988), Recommendations for promotion (Waldman, Bass and Yammarino, 1990) and the percentage of the goals of the strategic busines units. (unit Avolio, 1999). According to Bass (1985) transformational leadership is more more likely to reflect sociall values and arise in times of distress and change , while transactional leadership is probably found in well-ordered, steady environment. Virgin is an organization that is focused on growth and constant change, thus suitable for transformational style. Virgin is a kingdom, where the individuals Branson stamped in everywhere of the Business , therefore,his values and goals are the driving force of the whole coporation. An overview of tranformational and charismatic leaderhip theories suggests that the leaders may achieve relevent goals by making of followers, who personally identify with this style, also the work-group they are with (Yukl, 1988). Thus transformational approach, in my opinion the best summarzes the style of this renowned business leader. Conclusion With charisma, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation and individualized consideration, transformational leaders have a great potential to promote actions beyond expectations and produce changes within individuals and organizations. It seems that this form of a leadership well-suited for a time like this in which has characterictics like uncertainity, global turmoil and institutional instability. Refernce Brooks, I. (2009) Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Limited, UK. Bass, B.M. (1985) Leadership and performance beyond expectation, p43, New York, Free Press. Dearlove, D. (2007) Business the Richard Branson Way, p163, Capstone, Chichester, UK. Durbin, A. Dalglish, C Miller, P (2006) Leadership, ( 2nd), p312, Asia-Pasific edition, John Wiley Sons, Australia. Journals Avolio, B.J, (1999) RE-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor component questionnaire, journal of occupational and organisational psychology, p72, 441-462. Waldman, D.A., Bass, B.M., Yammarino, F.J. (1990) Adding to contingent-reward behaviour: The augmenting effect of charismatic leadership. Group and Organisational Studies, p15, 381-394. Yukl, G.A. (1988) Managerial Leadership. A review of theory and research. Journal of Management, p15, 251-289. Internet Sources BBC.co.uk (1999) Knighthood for Branson, bbc.co.uk, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/583940.stm. NCE (Small Firms Association National Centre of Excellence) (2009), Leadershi,http://www.centreofexcellence.ie/sectors/SFA/SFANCEDocLib.nsf/441763b04b0320b68025722e003fb55a/bc12f53469df45728025722e003f060f/$FILE/Leadership.pdf

Overview of Different Theories of Motivation Essay -- Motivational The

Cherry, Kendra. (2013). Theories of Motivation: A closer look at some important theories of motivation. http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologytopics/tp/theories-of-motivation.htm The Incentive Theory of Motivation states that people do things, such as work because of the rewards that come with. For example, a child might help his grandmother clean in order to receive cookies. His motivation is the reward of the cookies. In the working world, people get rewarded by other rewards. Some of these rewards are salary, security, and health benefits. Taylor, F. W. (1964). Shop Management. In Scientific Management (Vol. 1, pp. 17-20). New York and London: Happy and Brothers Publishers. Retrieved April 17, 2014 This article provides excellent information about Frederick Winslow Taylor’s research on motivation and the science of management. It provides an interesting perspective on motivation through looking at management as a science. Frederick Winslow Taylor believed that naturally, people do not like to perform tasks and work and they need to be pushed. Workers also need to be controlled. Miner, B. John. (2005). Library of Congress Catalog-In-Publication Data. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=kUO5NWwaySYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&dq=Frederick+Herzberg+motivation+hygiene&ots=UE9CujJmGJ&sig=F1v7olQGCGpeMVdG5AbYF6z6xEM#v=onepage&q&f=false One very important motivational theorist is Frederick Herzberg. Herzberg developed a motivational approach known as the Motivation Hygiene approach. This approach contains to hypothesis on how people are motivated to work. The Achievement Motivation Theory explains three motives that drive people to work harder. They are achievement, power, and affiliation. The only way an individual... ....(2011). Principles of Business Management: A real World Approach. P. 275-293 Taylor, F. W. (1964). Shop Management. In Scientific Management (Vol. 1, pp. 17-20). New York and London: Happy and Brothers Publishers. Retrieved April 17, 2014 McGraw-Hills, . (2012). Business Management Boundless, . (n.d.). Expectancy Theory. In Boundless. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from https://www.boundless.com/management/organizational-behavior/process-and-motivation/expectancy-theory/ Adams, S. J., & Freedman, S. (1976). Equity Theory: Toward a General Theory of Social Interaction. In Experienced Social Psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 44-46). New York, NY: Academic Press Inc. Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vxXx0d9euv8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA43&dq=equity+theory&ots=XFgWiiuQsJ&sig=f7dxRwEJW5i5cPN9Fh4H9YCx2_o#v=onepage&q=equity%20theory&f=false