Orwellian - Definition and Examples

To describe something as Orwellian is to say that it brings to mind the fictional totalitarian society of Oceania described in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. In Orwells novel, all citizens of Oceania are monitored by cameras, are fed fabricated news stories by the government, are forced to worship a mythical government leader called Big Brother, are indoctrinated to believe nonsense statements (the mantra WAR IS PEACE, SLAVERY IS FREEDOM, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH), and are subject to torture and execution if they question the order of things. The word is sometimes used to describe a particularly anti-libertarian government policy, but it is also sometimes used to describe the peculiar, nonsensical thought process behind Oceanias social structure—a thought process in which ideas that are obviously self-contradictory are accepted as true based on the fact that an authority figure is asserting them. Orwellian Policies The Bush administrations No Child Left Behind program (which is unfunded and therefore technically leaves children behind) and Clear Skies Initiative (which weakens anti-pollution regulations and therefore technically makes skies less clear) are often cited as examples of Orwellian policies, but so are Londons omnipresent surveillance cameras and North Koreas patriotism indoctrination camps. The best way to understand what does and does not constitute Orwellian policy is to read Nineteen Eighty-Four itself. Secondhand descriptions of Oceania do not do justice to the oppressive, mind-wracking atmosphere described in the novel.

Zara Case Study - 1656 Words

3.1 HISTORY and BACKGROUND ZARA is the flagship chain store for the Spanish Inditex Group owned by Amancio Ortega, who also brands such as Massimo Dutti and Bershka. It was first open in 1975 in La Coruna, Galicia, Spain. Originally a lingerie store, then the product range expanded to incorporate women’s fashion, menswear and children’s clothes (5). The international adventure began in 1988, opened its first foreign store in Oporto, Portugal. The market growth remained mysterious and it kept growing the stores in different countries and its cities. Started from the United States (1989), Paris (1990), Mexico, Belgium and Sweden (1994), Malta (1995) and Cyprus (1996). The stores remained company owned, however, it started to make another†¦show more content†¦Because of the ‘no marketing’ strategy, Zara relied on its shop windows to communicate its brand image. Displays were changed regularly to remain visible and alert customers of their newest (12). The store, however, is given priority in its interior and exterior design. Large flagship stores often build on an architecturally interesting building to reinforce the style and design message. It is decorated the space to create a well-lit space with plenty of light where the clothes take centre stage where the clothes take pride of place, eliminating all barriers between the garments and the customers (13)(Zara and lean retail). Products are not displayed by like (eg. Skirts, trousers) but by outfit to try to maximize customer spend. Once in two years time, Zara stores changed its interior decoration and furniture for a fresher look (14). 3.2.4 Fast Fashion and Low Cost Zara cannot be considered as an original fashion retailer because it imitates many famous brand products. It focused more the attention on understanding the fashion items that customers wanted and delivering them, rather than predicting season’s trends via fashion shows. However, this ideas are yet very successful because Zara can produce the latest fashions which can be easily adaptable to the mass market with low cost compared to the other brand. Zara’s fast-fashion means that some popular items appear and disappear within a week, creating an imageShow MoreRelatedZara case study Essay2280 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Coursework Header Sheet 209896-18 Course OPER1027: Operations Mngt: Proc/Value Ch Course School/Level BU/UG Coursework Case Study 1 Assessment Weight 25.00% Tutor J Whiteley Submission Deadline 25/11/2013 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the students own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the UniversitysRead MoreZara Case Study : Zara Case2492 Words   |  10 Pages Zara Case Study Name Academic Institution Zara Case Study Executive Summary This case study (Ghemawat, Nueno, Dailey, 2003) of the Spanish retail apparel company Zara, one of the six retail brands owned by Spanish company Inditex, focused on a number of issues confronting the retailer. These issues arose mainly from the consideration that Zara defied many of the dynamics of the retail apparel market. Zara, unlike its competitors, owned most of its production as well as itsRead MoreZara Case Study2762 Words   |  12 PagesQ1. With which of the international competitors listed in the case is it most interesting to compare Inditex’s financial results? Why? What do comparisons indicate about Inditex’s relative operating economics? Ans. The four companies shown given in the case have very different business models. Inditex owned much of the production and most of its stores. Inditex is thus a vertically integrated company. This gave Inditex a competitive advantage, which is quick response to the market requirementsRead MoreZara Case Study1833 Words   |  8 PagesZARA CASE STUDY [pic] Introduction The history of Zara started in 1975, when the first store has been opened in Spain. It has been followed by several other stores all over the world. The company’s owner, Amancio Ortega, accumulated 340 million Euros (according to 2001 datas), which is a remarkable growth if compared with other companies. Zara’s brand has become popular because of its quality and efficiency. The secret of Zara is to understand the customer’s need and demands and respondRead MoreZara Case Study3553 Words   |  15 Pages[pic] CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Zara as Company 4-5 3. Zara’s Model of Operation 6 4. Company’s Structure Read MoreZara Case Study3306 Words   |  14 PagesJune 6, 2007 Zara Case Study Summary Zara is a clothing retail store for women, men and children, concentrating sixty percent of their effort to the women clothing market. Besides retailing, Zara also designs, produces, and ships their lines of clothing to their Zara stores. Zara s corporate concept is to offer fashionable, trendy, designs at a reasonable price. The key to their corporate success is to offer the latest trends and fashions before their competitors. They believe thatRead MoreCase Study - Zara International694 Words   |  3 PagesJay Case Study: Zara International Fashion at the Speed of Light Question 1: In what ways are elements of the classical and behavioral management approaches evident in how things are done at Zara International? How can systems concepts and contingency thinking explain the success of some of Zara’s distinctive practices? Answer 1: Elements of the classical management approach are very evident at Zara International. The classical management approach contains three branches, which are scientificRead MoreZara International Case Study1000 Words   |  4 PagesZara International was a retail shop originated in La Coruna, Spain in 1975. It was clothing and accessories shop and imitated the latest fashion trends and sold them at a lower cost. It became Zara International after entering Portugal in 1988 and then the United States and France in the 1990s. The distributor for this brand is Inditex and is considered the most successful retail chain in the world. Zara has a business strategy that is very different from the retailers nowadays. If a customer ordersRead MoreZara Case Study986 Words   |  4 PagesZara is the flagship brand of the Spanish retail group, Inditex SA, one of the super-heated performers in a soft retail market in recent years. When Indtiex offered a 23 percent stake to the public in 2 001, the issue was over-subscribed 26 times raising Euro2.1 billion for the company. Zara is unique model in business world today it has its own principles which may varies from its competitors in the same industry starting from production strategy ending with supply chain management strategy, theseRead MoreZara Case Study1404 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Case: Zara: The Technology Giant of the Fashion World Identification of the Problem/s or Issue/s Zara, a Spanish-based chain owned by Inditex, is a retailer who has taken a new approach in the industry. By owning its in-house production, Zara is able to be flexible in the variety, amount, and frequency of the new styles they produce. With their unique strategy, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. In order to maintain that advantage and growth they must confront certain

The characteristics of Judaism Free Essays

The characteristics of Judaism such as the beliefs, ethics, rituals and ceremonies and sacred texts do have a major impact in many ways on the adherents and it provides a source of purpose and identity for individuals. It gives meaning and guidance in contemporary situations and therefore it is considered a dynamic, living religion. Beliefs Judaism is a monotheistic faith, meaning that Jews believe there is only One God. We will write a custom essay sample on The characteristics of Judaism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often this God is beyond our ability to comprehend, but God is nevertheless present in our everyday lives. The covenant is an agreement the Jewish people have with their God. Jews believe that there is only one God, no other being participated in the work of creation and God is the only being to whom they offer praise. The terms of the covenant are summed up in the Ten Commandments that reveal adherents must have a respectful, obedient relationship with God and live harmoniously and respectfully with others. In return God will never abandon his Chosen people and God will provide salvation. Ethnics Jewish adherents ethical beliefs are derived from the 613 mitzvoth that Orthodox Jews believe were given to Moses on Mt. Sinai and taught to the Israelites as they travelled the desert to the Promised Land. Other variants believe they may have also been delivered to other divinely inspired people over time. The 248 positive and 365 negative commandments have been discussed and interpreted throughout the centuries by divinely inspired philosophers and rabbis so that they can provide guidance in every aspect of everyday life. Sacred Texts There are many sacred wri tings in Judaism, all of which teach Judaism’s adherents how to live ethical and moral lives. The writings are a major source of the laws which regulate Jewish life. Jewish sacred writings are read and studied on an ongoing basis by believers. The Jewish holy book is the Tanakh, containing the Torah and the prophetic books. The Torah is the most holy book of Judaism. Torah, which means â€Å"teaching†, is God’s revealed instructions to the Jewish People. It is important to note that while â€Å"Torah† is generally used to refer to the Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, it is sometimes used to refer to the basic texts of Judaism in general. In this sense, â€Å"Torah† includes the Torah itself, as well as Midrash, Mishnah, and Talmud, which are the Oral Torah. Ceremonies and rituals There are many sacred ceremonies and rituals in Judaism such as Circumcision (Bris) male Jewish children are circumcised on the eighth day after their birth as a sign of a covenant between Abraham and God.. A Bar Mitzvah; at the age of thirteen, Jewish law considers boys to have reached adulthood. A special service is held in the boy’s honour, and he is permitted to read from the Torah for the first time. The comparable ceremony for girls is a Bat Mitzvah which varies in religious significance depending on the sect of Judaism. The Sabbath, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, the Passover, Shavuot, are all other important ceremonies that are apart of Judaism. The Commandments of the Torah The most important source of ethical guidance for Jews is the Torah which encompasses the Written and Oral Torah. Jewish ethics is derived from the covenantal relationship where they were protected and taught their responsibilities towards God and other people. There are 613 mitzvot 248 positive and 365 negative. The Prophetic Vision The Prophets advocated a pro-active stance to reforming social structures by emphasizing the broad themes of justice, equality and peace during a time when these concepts were of secondary importance compared to observance of law and ritual. The implication of Tikkun Olam is that all individuals have the dual responsibility of rectifying inequalities in society by helping the poor and needy, and acting as a steward by caring for the earth. The book of Wisdom The Book of Proverbs is one of the most significant collections within the genre of Wisdom literature. The Book of Proverbs is a collection of short, pithy statements which offer practical and simple advice on how to lead a moral life and behave prudently. (Wisdom, righteousness, purity, generosity of spirit) Shabbat Of the many observances and practices of Judaism, the Jewish Sabbath or Jewish Shabbat (in Hebrew) is the best known and most commonly practiced. The Jewish Shabbat is a day of rest at the end of the week, beginning on sundown Friday night, and ending on Saturday night, when three stars appear in the sky. It is an eagerly awaited chance for the Jewish people to set aside so many of their common concerns and worries and enjoy higher pursuits. Human beings are called to imitate God who rested on the seventh day after creating the world. Shabbat is the most significant liturgical event of the week. Shabbat reminds the Jewish people of the greatness of God in creating the cosmos. It reminds the Jewish people of the Covenant between God and the People of Israel which lies at the heart of Judaism (Exodus 31:16). The Jewish Sabbath is a day of celebration as well as one of prayer. It is the only rituals laid down by the Ten Commandments and is considered to be one of the most important ritual observed by the Jewish faith. The day itself is a day of rest and enrichment. The word â€Å"Shabbat† derives from a root word in Hebrew that means â€Å"to cease, to end, to rest. † Intense preparation is needed as the day approaches. Physical preparations include shopping and cleaning, which must be completed so that Shabbat is not interrupted. The meals need to be prepared and the table laid for the Friday evening meal. This is an important family occasion. Before the Friday night meal, the most significant, Kiddush (a blessing) is recited. Many Jews attend synagogue services on Friday night and Saturday morning. Shabbat being over, a plaited candle is lit and hands are spread out towards the light as a third blessing is said. This is a reminder that the first thing God created was light to be used to good purpose. From this is can be concluded that Jews believe that by fulfilling the commandments, they are communicating with God on the Shabbat. They understand the mitzvot to be God’s way of reaching out to people. The Shabbat provides a means of reflecting on these commandments and developing a deeper, joyful relationship with god and family. Conclusion Judaism is a powerful, living religion because it has provided adherents with purpose, meaning, heritage and identity. Judaism focuses on relationships; the relationship between God and man, between God and the Jewish people, between the Jewish people and the land of Israel, and between human beings. The scriptures specify the mutual obligations created by these relationships, although various movements of Judaism disagree about the nature of these obligations. Some say they are absolute, unchanging laws from God (Orthodox); some say they are laws from God that change and evolve over time (Conservative); some say that they are guidelines that you can choose whether or not to follow (Reform, Reconstructionist). The variants have formed as different communities have interpreted beliefs and ethics and adapted rituals to meet their needs in different context and because of this Judaism is clearly a dynamic religion. How to cite The characteristics of Judaism, Papers

The Movie ”Crash” Essay Sample free essay sample

The film clang was chiefly about controversial societal issues the pestilence modern Los Angeles which is known as the runing pot of civilizations from all over the universe. The presence of diverse characters brought the viewing audiences to specific scenarios that depicted racism. stereotypes and gender functions. These three were societal conditions brought Forth by dogmatism and bias. A society is composed of different sorts of people from typical civilization. race. economic. political and societal category. Ideally. disagreement between the rich and the hapless. white and black. ordinary citizen and a province leader should non be excessively much to avoid societal inequality which most frequently than non causes struggle. Crash gave its spectator an insightful position on the heterogenous links between people of assorted races. This eye-opener film that illustrated the effects of race and gender and how these two became the chief factors for the manifestation of force every bi t good as peace. The strength of the movie was felt throughout the legion interactions of the characters. Animosity. prejudice. angst and enviousness were some of the strong emotions that were prevailing. The film employed a really powerful tone of being straightforward. More so. the film demonstrated a applaudable willingness â€Å"to hazard mawkishness and cliche in the chase of echt feeling† ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . Besides. the exchange and articulation of implicative words constituted the prejudicial and know aparting communicating between the many characters in the film. As a consequence. the ordinary relationships illustrated in the film were strongly conveyed that would do the viewing audiences realize â€Å"how the human race trade with life. people and their ain experiences† ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . In the scene where Matt Dillon and Ryan Philipe’s character. who both played LAPD bulls. were in chase of a stolen vehicle but alternatively of tracking down the culprits they flagged down a similar vehicle but with a black twosome on it. This scenario depicted several relational communicating constructs. In the instance of the characters of Dillon and Philippe. Dillon had a more dominant personality than Philippe as a consequence Philippe’s points of positions have been easy subjected to rejection. Philippe’s character was more concerned about their work moralss in footings of how they interact with different types of people from assorted cultural and societal background while Dillon’s character was really aggressive in enforcing his impressions as a constabulary officer and as a white adult male at the disbursal of defiling other people’s self-respect. Meanwhile. on the other side of the state of affairs were the successful black twosome. Terrence Howard played a black manufacturer in a white-dominated Television industry and Thandie Newton played his married woman. Both their characters ab initio had an interdependent relationship where they both depended on each other but their individualisms were still preserved. But when an unexpected event happened. their relationship began to see matrimonial jobs. The issue of trust and the ability to protect a love one from timeserving people have been questioned. This was the portion when the character of Howard rejected the call for aid of his married woman when his married woman was sexually molested by Dillon’s character. The character of Howard opted to pretermit the state of affairs out of fright for the constabulary authorization and the impression that they are inkinesss in white dominated vicinity ( Cheadle. Moresco. Schulman. Yari. A ; Haggis. 2004. â€Å"Crash† ) . These two cases showed how race. stereotype and gender functions affect a person’s actions. Because of certain perceptual experiences. like inkinesss are closely associated with offenses because these offenses are largely committed by black people. white people tend to generalise. This is called false generalisation. It is the act of tie ining or judging one individual or thing by looking at a certain group or categorization that the individual or t hing belongs to. Many are guilty of this sort of thought. Peoples have these preconceived impressions that are inculcated in their consciousness wherein most of the clip. it dominate their judgements and actions. As a effect. people become insensitive and prejudiced. This aggressive and self-asserting communicative behaviour have resulted to societal and racial inequality based on physical and racial differences. Besides. people have the inclination to foreground the erroneous workss and ignore applaudable actions that intensifies the act of pigeonholing which consequences to a wide-spread negative public perceptual experience that is more frequently than non actuated to warrant the colored judgement. Stereotyping is one of the causes of struggle in relationships. Most of the clip. relationship issues are attacked. avoided and confronted. In the scene mentioned earlier. the character of Newton expressed her angst towards her hubby sing his inactive reaction when a white constabulary bull degraded her muliebrity. She wanted to set the incrimination on her hubby and do him experience that it was his mistake. This is one of the most common jobs in an interdependent relationship. Meanwhile. the reaction of the character of Philippe on the misconduct of his fellow officer. Dillon’s character. was more elusive. He chose non to face the issue with the character of Dillon because the two have an independent relationship wherein they both have disconnected lives and different beliefs. In another scene in the film where two black auto stealers played by Ludcaris and Lucien stole the vehicle of a powerful white twosome portrayed by Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock. showed how people can decode unfavourable state of affairss and throw their prejudices on cultural minority groups to cover their feelings of animus and dissatisfaction ( Scott. 2005. â€Å"Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst† ) . The character of Bullock was being defensive sing the state of affairs when she said. If a white adult female sees two black work forces walking towards her and turns the other manner. she’s a racialist. Well I got frightened and didn’t’ say anything. and the following thing I knew. I had a gun shoved in my caput! ( Cheadle. Moresco. Schulman. Yari. A ; Haggis. 2004. â€Å"Crash† ) Bullocks character felt threatened after the incident. As a agency of protecting herself and her household. she ordered the locks in her house to be changed. But when she saw that the locksmith was Hispanic who looked like a mobster because of his bald caput and prison tattoos. she instantly asked her hubby to happen another locksmith who does non look like person who would rob them once more. In this scene. the character of Bullock showed her rigidness towards the incident. She did non desire to interact with the Latino locksmith because she lacked the ability to accommodate and get by up with the tragic alterations in her life. More so. her ill will and laterality have strained her relationship with her hubby. Because of this. her hubby was non able to show his emotions and felt that he was powerless over the state of affairs. To avoid farther struggle. the character of Fraser. avoided the issue to give manner to the demands of his married woman. The full film was filled with relational communicating constructs that highlighted how people respond to different sorts of interaction and its effects on the relationships of people of different tegument colour. economic stature and societal rank. Mentions Cheadle. D. . Haggis. P. . Moresco. R. . Schulman. C. . A ; Yari. B. ( Producers ) A ; Haggis. P. ( Director ) . ( 2004 ) .Clang[ Motion Picture ] . U. S. A. : Lion Gate Films. Scott. A. O. ( 2005. May 6 ) . Bigotry as the Outer Side of Inner Angst. The New York Times.